Got some new info:
1. I evaluated the setup as-is. By actuating the throttle by hand (at the throttle-body end of the cable), it opens such that the blade is fully parallel to airflow.
2. However, by actuating it via the pedal, it only opens to about half that! (This is where I saw 2.25v) :facepalm:
3. Back to actuating it by hand and watching the TPS % in Scanner, I saw 0.14% -> 100%. That explains why it won't idle!
4. Did a TPS relearn. Now I see 0.4% -> 100%! Success!
My kids are asleep and the garage is directly below their bedrooms, so I couldn't start it up and see if it will idle now. I'm somewhat optimistic, but prepared to have to mess with IAC and possibly do some drilling before it's totally happy.
I checked the pedal box, and there is nothing interfering with the pedal travel, so now I just need to figure out how to adjust the pedal/cable. I know of a couple spots along the cable where you can make adjustments, but those are maxed out. If anyone knows the LS1 F-body setup well enough to give advice, I'd appreciate it -- but I'll go ask on LS1Tech, as this is not really a tuning question.
One followup question: the voltages I saw from the TPS ranged from 0.14v (0%) to 3.92v (100%). Should I be concerned that I'm not seeing something closer to 5.0v? If so, what might I do about it?